Java Proramming Assignment Help

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Java history

Java is a computer language that enforces an object oriented model, developed by team of engineers led by James Gosling and was released by Sun Microsystems in 1995. Java as a language is platform independent, meaning it can be run anywhere with the philosophy “Write once, Run anywhere". From creating simple applications running on single to complex application running on a distributed system over a network, Java has proved its versatility.

Features of Java

1. Simple and Object Oriented

Java is simple and easy to understand and confusing with ambiguous programming concepts in languages such as C++ have been removed or implemented in a cleaner way.

2. Secure

Java programs run inside a virtual machine “JVM" sandbox isolating the process from untrusted sources. Unlike C++ which uses explicit pointers, Java do not use pointers. A malicious user can tamper with the memory location which may cause unintended consequences. All this measures keeps a Java system virus free.

3. Portable

Applications can be written in one platform and can be ported to run on another platform without a hitch as long as same JVM version is used.

4. Distributed

It does no require every part of a distributed system to run on one machine but allows . Java excels in this field that is why it is used heavily in big data systems (distributed systems). A program running on one computer in a network can call a method in another program in a different computer in the same network in a method known as Remote Method Invocation(RMI).

5. High performance

Interpreted languages are slower compared to languages like C, but java is designed to support just -in-time compilation where bytecodes are dynamically compiled to machine code. Java development team under Oracle systems is continuously optimizing the system.

6. Robust

Java checks the code during compilation and run time checking if the code is syntactically correct. Java taking care of memory allocation and release (garbage collection) making it highly robust.

7. Dynamic

Many of the Java objects are evaluated during runtime while the execution is carried out i.e. runtime polymorphism.

8. Multithreaded

Most modern computers processors have more than one core, in a multithreading environment you all cores can be utilized. Each process can be described as a thread thus executing multiple programs on a different core at same time is known as multi-threading.

Some of the projects in our Java Assignment Help experts cover

Android Apps – Android Assignment Help

All the android apps are written in java. Kotlin is a newer android development language but it still uses JVM.

Sever applications at Financial Service Industry

This included major financial banks such as Barclays, Citigroup among others, data processing systems, confirmation systems among others.

Java web applications

Includes movement, health, education, defense, institutions have their systems developed in JSP, Structs, Spring MVC, Servlets among other frameworks where security is one of thr reasons for its choice.

Embedded Systems

Java has a light edition which requires only 130kb of memory to run which is used on systems with small computing power (sensors, IoT devices)

Web Servers and application servers

Include webservers such as apache Tomcat, Rimfxe Web Server ; application server such as WebLogic, WebSphere among others

Enterprise Applications

This includes the Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE) which is popular for running of enterprise software.

Tools our experts use - Java Programming Assignment Help

Java Virtual Machine

Is a virtual machine that runs the Java bytecodes, where the .java files are compiled to obtain *.class bytecodes (by java compiler) which the JVM understands. The bytecodes are platform independent thus running everywhere.

Java Runtime Environment

JRE as the name suggests provides all the necessary components to run applications written in Java, the components include libraries, files and JVM.

Java Development Kit (JDK)

Consists of everything JRE plus the programmer tools such as compilers and debuggers necessary for development of java apps.

How Java Works

A developer writes code class (source code) with file of extension *.java, the files are compiled by the java compiler. If the file is synthetical right i.e. no issues are found the files are compiled to *.class files which are java codes which are can be run in any environment with a JVM. During runtime the Class loader does verify the bytecode to ensure it is up to the mark or not manipulated, if something is not right the bytecode is flagged. If okay the Java Class libraries are loaded to the JVM, the bytecodes are interpreted by Java interpreter to machine language for execution by the underlying.

Hello Java Assignment Programming Help

Modifiers

a. Access Control Modifiers

They set access levels for variables, classes, methods and constructors. The four levels include:

1. Default => visible in the package

2. Private => visible to the class only

3. Public => visible to the world

4. Protected => visible to the package and all sub-classes

b. Non-access modifiers

1. Static => allows calling a method without the object where it belongs

2. Final => finalizes implementation of variables, methods and classes, cannot change it once created

3. Abstract => creates abstract classes and methods, provide a method signature of a parent class with method that will implement the child

4. Synchronized and volatile => used multithreading Synchronized means one thread can access the variable at a time, one thread at a time while others wait

Variables

• • This are memory locations reserved to store values reserving of memory is done during declaration
• • Can be access part of memory using the variable name
• • There are 3 types variables:
  
  Local
  • o defined within method , local scope, accessible with the method it is declared.
  • o Declared & are only visible in constructors, methods or block and are created when execution enters constructors, methods or block
  • o Access modifiers cannot be used for local variables
  • o Implemented at stack level internally
  • o No default value, must be declared and assigned before first use
  
  Class / Static
  • o Is declared using a static keyword and is created inside a class but outside a method, block or constructor
  • o Declared as constants, stored in static memory and declared as final
  • o Created when a program starts and destroyed when it ends
  
  Instance
  • o Declared at a class level, the variables are at the instance level / object level
  • o Created when class is created and destroyed when class is destroyed
  • o Can be assigned assess modifiers
  • o Visible for all blocks, methods and constructors in the class
  • o Created when object instance is created upon use of “new" keyword to create a class.
  • o A memory on the heap is created whenever an instance of the object is created
  • o Can be assigned an access modifier
  • o Have default values 0, false for Booleans & null for objects and values can be assigned during creation or at constructor level.
  • o Not accessible directly in static methods

Datatypes

Are named as keyword and are predefined by language. In Java there are 8 major Primitive data types:

Primitive
Are named as keyword and are predefined by language. In Java there are 8 major Primitive data types:


• obyte – number
• oshort – number
• oint – number
• olong – number
• ofloat – number
• ochar – a character
• oboolean – true or false

Reference/ Non – Primitive
• o Are created by predefined class constructors declared as a specific type that cannot be changed.
• o String and Arrays are reference datatypes
• o They hold a memory address (bits) for the object they reference/ reference – hold reference to object it represents - (pointer)
• o Have no size or bit range

Syntax :

Car c1 = new Car();

Datatype conversions

There are two ways to convert one data type to another:

• o Explicit conversion; int can be converted to long, double or float, the subsequence, done without a special directive.
• o Implicit conversion vice versa of explicit conversion, done by type casting

Control statements

There are three types of control statements:

• Selection/ Decision making Statements ->if – else and switch
• Iteration Statements – for , while, do while
• Jump statements - break, continue and return

Methods

• Block of code, usually a group of statements reusable to reduce redundancy and may return a value or null
• Defines a behavior of a class
• Class can have multiple methods

Return statement -> control flow statement which terminates executions of a method & return control to its caller.

Passing by Value

Method overload

Same method name but taking different parameters.

Arrays

• Stores multiple elements of the same data Type
• Specific elements are accessible using its index
• Size is usually fixed and cannot be changed
• Array can be created in two ways
• Using new operator int [ ] a = new int[ 5 ]
• Array initializer int [ ] a = { 3, 2, 8, 12, 9 }

Object Oriented Programming

Java is an OOP , class based programming language. A class is a blueprint which describes state and behavior of a specific object. An object is an instance of a class containing variables and methods.

Class Car, can have objects such as Toyota, Subaru etc.

Object oriented Programming concepts

• o Inheritance
• o Polymorphism
• o Abstraction
• o Encapsulation

Inheritance

Is an OOP concept where an object acquires properties and behavior of a parent Object (sub classes are derived). For example Bikes, Cars, Buses and Trucks inherit properties attributed to vehicle.

Represents an A relationship

Used in Java to achieve Method overrides and code reusability

Types of inheritance

• o Single Inheritance -> as the one shown above
• o Hierarchical Inheritance -> multiple classes inheriting from the same class, more than one child inheriting from same parent
• o Multilevel Inheritance -> You could override the properties of the parent class, for example the parent class method using the keyword override.

Abstraction

Is a programming term referring to hiding implementation details from user but exposing functionality to user

• o When steering a vehicle you don’t need to know how the engine or gearbox works or how it turns.
• o Allows to focus on what an object does instead of how it does it
• o In java there are two ways of achieving abstraction in Java, Interface (100%) and Abstraction class from 0-100% abstraction.

Encapsulation

As name suggests, is binding data and code into a single unit where:

• o Variables of class is declared private
• o Getters and setters are used to fetch and modify variable values

Advantages of Encapsulation

• o Data Hiding -> implementation of class and its data
• o Increased flexibility where methods can be write-only or read-only
• o Increased code reusability
• o Easy testing

Interface

• o Specifies the contract.
• o Variables and methods declared inside of interface are abstract by default
• o Used to achieve loose coupling
• o Can be used to achieve multiple inheritance
• o Interfaces represent IS-A relationship

Differences between a class and interface

• o A class can be instantiated to create object while an interface cannot be instantiated
• o Interface contains abstract methods while a class only contains concrete methods
• o Interface members are always public while those of class are private, protected or private
• o Interfaces have no constructor while class do have constructor to initialize variables
• o A number of instances can be given while a class only extends one class
• o Interfaces do not have instance fields and is true for classes
• o Interface uses implements key word while the class uses extends keyword for inheritance